Chemical formula: C 16H 10N 2O 2, a natural dye. It is believed that originally the dye woad ( Isatis tinctoria), rather than indigo, was used in antiquity. A natural blue dye derived from the plant Indigofera tinctoria and related species growing in the Mediterranean, India, and Asia, among other locations. Typically, pigments are crushed into a fine powder and mixed with a binder, resulting in a suspension that becomes insoluble when dry a dye produces a lake pigment when attached to an inorganic substrate or mordant., and indigo Citation: Indigo. A colorant either derived from natural sources-mineral, plant, or insect-or produced synthetically. Chemical formula: Calcium copper silicate, CaCuSi 4O 10 or CaOCuO(SiO 2) 4, an artificial copper-based pigment Citation: Pigment. Considered to be the first synthetic pigment, Egyptian blue was made by mixing a calcium and copper compound with silica/quartz and a flux, heating the mixture to a very high temperature (900☌), and then grinding the glassy product to a powder. A pigment that was manufactured and used by Egyptians possibly as early as 3100 BC. Two blues were used in Romano-Egyptian mummy portraits: Egyptian blue Citation: Egyptian blue (cuprorivaite).
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